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A zero energy building (ZEB) or net zero energy building is a general term applied to a building with a net energy consumption of zero over a typical year. This can be measured in different ways (relating to cost, energy, or carbon emissions) and, irrespective of the definition used, different views are taken on the relative importance of energy generation and energy conservation to achieve energy balance. Although zero energy buildings remain uncommon in developed countries, they are gaining in importance and popularity. The zero-energy approach is promoted as a potential solution to a range of social and environmental issues, including reducing carbon emissions, reducing dependence on oil power, fuel imports, and the use of fossil fuels in general, and providing a measure of energy security against future energy crises. Most definitions do not include the emissions generated in the construction of the building and the embodied energy of the structure which would usually invalidate claims of reducing carbon emissions.
A building approaching zero energy use may be termed a near zero energy building or ultra-low energy building. Those that produce a surplus of energy may be known as energy-plus buildings.
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